Understanding Heart Failure

Heart failure is one of the most common coronary problems. Also called congestive heart failure, the weakened heart slows the circulation of oxygen and blood through the body’s organs, such as lungs, liver and kidneys. It is a fatal condition with no known cure that affects more than 5 million people in the US. According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDCP), 20 percent of all people diagnosed with heart failure die within 12 months of the diagnosis.

Stages
The New York heart Association developed a four-level classification to categorize the symptoms and effects of heart failure experience by patients.

In the first stage of heart failure, the patient has the disease with no physical limitations.

The patient is comfortable at rest during the second stage, but has some limitation when attempting physical activity. They experience shortness of breath, have a sensation as if their heart is racing or feel extremely tired and worn. They may have some chest pain.

For the third stage, the patient is comfortable at rest, but has marked limits in physical activities. The symptoms are similar to those in Stage II, but it takes less activity to trigger them.

Patients in the fourth stage find it difficult to be physically active without onset of typical symptoms found in Stage II and Stage III heart failure. They also have similar symptoms when at rest.

Lifestyle
Heart failure patients often have swelling of the legs and ankles, as well as significant weight gain. As the disease progresses, they spend more time in the hospital emergency room. Some patients have home healthcare professionals assist with education and self care preparation. They learn how to deal with the symptoms, adjust to the routine of the medications and prepare for future complications from the disease. Once patients have reached Stage IV, they typically need homecare services or assistance from family members. Some spend significant time in the hospital. About 50 percent of all patients die within five years of diagnosis of the condition.

Treatment
While there is no cure, there is treatment for congestive heart failure that can improve the quality of life and prolong the life expectancy of the patient. It includes adapting a healthier lifestyle by decreasing consumption of sodium, alcohol and caffeine. Heart failure patients should quit smoking as soon as possible and reduce their cholesterol intake. Reducing stress is helpful, as is taking medications regularly. Surgery may be offered as a rare option.

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